The cappuccino is a beloved espresso-based drink that has a rich history rooted in European coffee culture. Here’s an overview of its origins and evolution:

 Origins in Europe

1. 17th Century – Coffee in Europe: Coffee was introduced to Europe in the 17th century, and coffeehouses quickly became popular social hubs. The concept of mixing coffee with milk or cream began to emerge, particularly in Austria and Italy.

2. Kapuziner – The Precursor: In Vienna, Austria, a drink called the *Kapuziner* (named after the Capuchin monks due to its color resembling their brown robes) became popular in the 18th century. It was made with coffee, cream, and sugar, and sometimes spices like cinnamon. This drink is considered a direct ancestor of the modern cappuccino.

3. Italy – The Birth of the Modern Cappuccino: The cappuccino as we know it today evolved in Italy in the early 20th century, thanks to the invention of the espresso machine. Luigi Bezzera patented the first espresso machine in 1901, and later improvements by Desiderio Pavoni made it possible to produce espresso quickly and efficiently. This allowed baristas to create a drink combining espresso, steamed milk, and milk foam in a single serving.

 The Name “Cappuccino”

The name “cappuccino” comes from the Capuchin monks, referencing the drink’s color, which resembles the monks’ brown hooded robes (*cappuccio* means “hood” in Italian). The term was first used in Italy in the 1930s to describe the espresso-based drink with milk foam.

 Evolution and Popularity

1. Mid-20th Century: The cappuccino became a staple in Italian coffee culture, traditionally consumed in the morning as part of breakfast. Italians rarely drink cappuccino after 11 a.m., as they believe milk-based drinks are too heavy for later in the day.

2. Global Spread: In the late 20th century, the cappuccino gained international popularity, especially with the rise of global coffeehouse chains like Starbucks. It became a symbol of café culture and was adapted to suit local tastes, often with larger sizes and variations like flavored syrups or chocolate sprinkles.

3. Third Wave Coffee Movement: In the 21st century, the third wave coffee movement emphasized high-quality ingredients, precise brewing techniques, and artisanal approaches. This led to a renewed appreciation for the cappuccino, with baristas focusing on perfecting the balance of espresso, steamed milk, and microfoam, often incorporating latte art.

 Modern Cappuccino

Today, the cappuccino is a classic espresso drink enjoyed worldwide. It typically consists of:

– 1 shot of espresso (25-30 ml)

– Equal parts steamed milk and milk foam (about 60 ml each)

The drink is often served in a small ceramic cup and is appreciated for its rich flavor and velvety texture.